Over the past weeks, we have all sought shelter in our homes from abnormally high temperatures. Households will have struggled to keep their home cool, just as they struggled to keep their property warm last winter. Many people were stuck inside properties suffering from damp, mould, poor ventilation, and general disrepair. The extreme heatwave has been a stark reminder that we don’t just have a problem with the number of homes being built, but a significant housing quality crisis too.
For millions of households, their home actively harms the health, wellbeing, and life chances of everyone who lives there. According to the English Housing Survey, 15 per cent of properties fail the Decent Homes Standard. Those who rent privately are twice as likely to occupy a non-decent home (22 per cent), compared to those who live in a home for social rent (10 per cent). This could be due to hazards like fire dangers and trip hazards, poor energy efficiency, or broken roofs and windows.
While every part of the country has non-decent homes, there are significant geographical differences. Nearly one in five properties in the South West and Yorkshire (18 per cent) are non-decent. This is twice as high as the North East (9 per cent), and significantly higher than London (13 per cent). And the problem is often worse in more rural areas, as local authorities like Westmorland and Furness, Cornwall, and North Yorkshire have large proportions of people living in substandard homes.
Labour’s record
Since 2024, the Labour Government has acted on poor-quality homes. The Renters Rights’ Act will apply a new Decent Homes Standard to the private rented sector, and Awaab’s Law will tackle damp, mould and other hazards in social and private rented homes. The long-term social rent settlement will enable providers to invest in existing stock, while they build thousands of additional high-quality homes.
But the next Prime Minister must go further. While building 1.5m new homes is a necessary ambition, improving existing stock so everyone has access to a safe, secure and accessible home should be a priority too.
This would speak to our history as a party. For more than a century, Labour in government has focused on raising housing standards. The first Labour Government passed the Wheatley Act 1924 that delivered a wave of high-quality council housing, providing an alternative to the slums. The Attlee Government repaired hundreds of thousands of existing homes in six years, while the Wilson Government provided grants to improve housing stock of every tenure. And New Labour’s Decent Homes Programme delivered a sustained programme of public investment that improved around one million social homes.
It is also something that the public favours. Our survey with YouGov found 66 per cent of English adults supported investment to ‘improve existing properties to meet basic housing standards, even if it means reducing the number of homes that are built each year’. Just 15 per cent favoured building more homes at the cost of neglecting improvements to existing properties.
Building while improving
However, the Government does not have to choose between more homes and improvements in existing stock. There is an enormous opportunity to target public investment in streets, blocks of flats, or entire estates for regeneration that builds decent homes in every community. Indeed, the Northern Housing Consortium has estimated over 500,000 good quality homes in the North alone can be created through housing-led regeneration.
The Fabian Housing Centre has set out how we can improve homes in every part of the country, with a specific focus on tackling poor-quality rented accommodation.
The Government should invest £470m a year over a decade specifically to replace and regenerate homes across streets, flat blocks, and whole estates. All funded regeneration projects should be required to show no loss of homes, particularly for social rent. Where affordability challenges are highest, these regeneration projects should be required to increase the number of homes through greater density – particularly for social rent. This funding should be devolved to strategic authorities to deliver estate renewal, in partnership with local councils.
This should be accompanied with specific funding for improvements and maintenance in the social housing sector. A new long-term fund to provide investment over ten years, in predictable waves, will enable all social renters to live in a safe, secure, warm and accessible home. And by helping social housing providers with their maintenance and improvement bills, the Government can unlock financial capacity to build new social homes.
The Government has rightly prioritised housebuilding in the first half of this parliament and must continue to do so. But existing homes need investment too. Funding for regeneration and social housing improvement is required. The next Prime Minister must deliver this to tackle the housing shortage and the housing quality crisis together. That can be a legacy for Labour to be proud of.
Would you like to write for Red Brick? Email rose.grayston@gmail.com to pitch your piece (c.600-900 words)
